The presence of Afghan immigrants in the city of Qom, has created many opportunities for interaction and integration due to historical, linguistic, and religious similarities, but on the other hand, it has brought with it numerous identity, cultural, and social challenges. The present study, with the aim of better understanding and facilitate the intercultural relations between Afghans and Qomi citizens, has utilized the theory of interculturality, which analyzes the behavior of minority groups in dealing with dominant groups in three main strategies (adaptation, compromise, separation) and at different levels (passive, active, hyperactive) In this study, Afghan immigrants were considered as a minority group and Qom citizens as the dominant group.
The research method is descriptive-analytical and has a qualitative approach, and 30 Afghan immigrants living in Qom were interviewed using a phenomenological method to analyze their communication orientations based on Orb's theory. The results showed that Afghan immigrants adopt diverse communication orientations in their interactions with Qomi citizens. The approach of immigrants with a history and age with bitter memories is passive compromise. Younger individuals adopted approaches such as passive and active accommodation and passive and active adaptation. Newer generations are pursuing the above approaches or a new approach outside the approaches envisioned in Orb's theory of co-culturation under the title of complete adaptation. They are a generation that intends to build a convergent society. They are seeking a change in the type of attitude of the host society so that they can live better than their previous generations.