In the current era, which is called the era of transition from the Westphalian state-centered system to the post-Westphalian multi-centered system, there is a need to revise the concepts and manifestations of the previous system such as national sovereignty, national interests, national security and the international community and provide alternatives such as transnational sovereignty, human interests, security Humanity, human rights or the world community is felt to respond to common problems and bottlenecks that can no longer be managed in the form of a traditional state-oriented approach. For this reason, some theoretical approaches of international relations such as the English school or cosmopolitanism try pay attention to the requirements of the new situation of the world system and make a new plan for the interactions of human societies.
However, it seems that due to the fact that the dominant school of thought of the Western world, i.e., liberalism, is based on values such as humanism, individualism, and utilitarianism, it will not be possible to achieve the goal of a global society based on human interests and security, and the manifestations of the continuation of the previous order can be clearly observed. However, the Islamic school of thought, relying on its worldview and different values, which originate from the principle of monotheism, has a much higher capacity to deal with the idea of a global and cosmopolitan society. Arbaeen rites are an embryonic and elementary example of the practice of temporary living in a common transnational society, which can be considered as the forerunner of the formation of the global society in the idealistic approach of Islam.